List of Abbreviations / 7\nIntroduction / 9

Chapter 1. Deprivation of liberty in the context of criminal justice system / 17\n1.1. General remarks / 17\n1.2. Deprivation of liberty – its nature and aims / 23\n1.3. Classification of prisoners – consequences / 26\n1.4. Basic penitentiary paradox / 29\n1.5. Prison of the 21st century / 31

Chapter 2. Contemporary penitentiary standards and policy – normative aspect / 37\n2.1. Treaty standards / 38\n2.1.1. General treaties / 38\n2.1.2. Special treaty regulations / 43\n2.2. Recommended standards / 45\n2.2.1. Universal level / 45\n2.2.2. Regional level / 49\n2.3. Domestic impact of international standards – Polish example / 53

Chapter 3. Prison population – human dimension of personal interrelations / 57\n3.1. The prisoners / 57\n3.2. The prison staff / 66\n3.3. Interpersonal confrontations and their consequences / 71\n3.3.1. Horizontal personal interrelations / 72\n3.3.2. Vertical personal interrelations / 76\n3.4. Examples of extreme personal interrelations (prison scandals in\na nutshell) / 78

Chapter 4. Social rehabilitation of prisoners – between idea and reality / 83\n4.1. An idea of “normalization”/ 83\n4.2. A concept of the “implied limitations”/ 90\n4.3. Main instruments of social rehabilitation / 92\n4.3.1. Contacts with the outside world – possibilities / 92\n4.3.2. Special offers inside the prisons / 95\n4.3.2.1. Work / 95\n4.3.2.2. Education / 98\n4.3.2.2.1. Spiritual assistance / 99\n4.3.2.2.2. Leisure time / 101\n4.3.2.3. Treatment programs / 102\n4.4. Preparation for release / 104

Chapter 5. Prison life and human dignity – situations of special risk / 107\n5.1. Brief introductory remarks / 107\n5.2. Problem of discrimination / 108\n5.3. Prison order and coercion measures / 110\n5.3.1. An authorized coercion actions in prison / 112\n5.4. Health care “in” and “out” of prison / 118\n5.5. Disciplinary procedure and sanctions / 122

Chapter 6. Control, inspections and basic procedural guaranties for prisoners / 127\n6.1. Domestic level / 129\n6.2. International level / 132\n6.2.1. Complaint/petition procedures / 132\n6.2.1.1. Council of Europe / 132\n6.2.1.2. European Union / 134\n6.2.1.3. United Nations Organization / 135\n6.2.2. Additional monitoring procedures / 137

Final remarks / 139\nBibiography (Basic Literature) / 147\nAppendices / 155