Part 1. Synthesis of Natural Oligonucleotides.- Chapter 1. Non-protected Synthesis of Oligonucleotides.- Chapter 2. Various Coupling Agents in the Phosphoramidite Method for Efficient Oligonucleotide Synthesis.- Chapter 3. Recent Development of Chemical Synthesis of RNA.- Chapter 4. RNA Synthesis Using the CEM Group.- Chapter 5. Liquid-Phase Synthesis of Oligonucleotides.- Chapter 6. Large-Scale Oligonucleotide Manufacturing .- Part 2: Synthesis and Properties of Artificial Oligonucleotides.- Chapter 1. Nucleosides and Oligonucleotides Incorporating 2-Thiothymine or 2-Thiouracil Derivatives as Modified Nucleobases.- Chapter 2. Site-Specific Modification of nucleobases in oligonucleotides.- Chapter 3. Four-Hydrogen-Bonding Base Pairs in Oligonucleotides: Design, Synthesis, and Properties.- Chapter 4. Photo-Cross-Linkable Artificial Nucleic Acid: Synthesis and Property of 3-Cyanovinylcarbazole-modified Nucleic Acids and Its Photo-induced Gene-Silencing Activity in Cells.- Chapter 5. Effects of 2 -O-Modifications on RNA Duplex Stability.- Chapter 6. 2',4'-Bridged Nucleic Acids Containing Plural Heteroatoms in the Bridge Moiety.- Chapter 7. Synthesis and Therapeutic Applications of Oligonucleotides Containing 2'-O,4'-C-Ethylene- and 3'-O,4'-C-Propylene-Bridged Nucleotides.- Chapter 8. RNA Bioisosters: Chemistry and Properties of 4'-ThioRNA and 4'-SelenoRNA.- Chapter 9. Development of Triplex Forming Oligonucleotide including Artificial Nucleoside Analogues for the Antigene Strategy.- Chapter 10. Chemical Synthesis of Boranophosphate Deoxyribonucleotides. schovat popis